On June 13, global reservoir volumes fell during the last 20 years despite a construction boom that drove up storage capacity Reuters reports. A new study showed, suggesting that new dams will not be enough to solve the growing strain on the world's water supplies.
Nature Communications through their study touched upon the satellite data that showed water sequestered in 7,245 reservoirs across the world fell from 1999 to 2018, despite a 28 cubic kilometer annual increase in capacity.
“Climate change was a "critical factor" in reducing reservoir efficiency, but rising water demand also played a role. Even if temperatures stop rising, increasing demand and new construction are likely to continue," said lead author Huilin Gao of Texas A&M University.
The decrease in storage capacity was mainly observed in the southern regions, particularly in Africa and South America. This decline was due to the rapid increase in water demand coupled with the slower-than-expected filling of new reservoirs.
However, the study did not take into account the impact of sedimentation, a persistent problem that is projected to reduce storage capacity by 25% by 2050, as stated in a January report from the United Nations University.
The viability of large reservoirs has been called into question due to prolonged droughts. China experienced a significant drop in hydropower output last summer due to exceptionally high temperatures in the Yangtze basin.
The International Hydropower Association recently emphasized the crucial role of constructing new dams and reservoirs in mitigating the effects of escalating climate extremes making it easier to regulate water flows.
"As the climate gets more volatile, we will need more, not less, water infrastructure, with the bonus of much-needed low-carbon electricity," it said.
China has also repeatedly claimed its improved capability to store and release water in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has helped alleviate floods and droughts downstream.Unlike many regions, China's storage levels increased slightly from 1999-2018 as a result of higher run-off in major river basins, suggesting it will benefit from new reservoirs.
"But this highly depends on future climate, especially since most regions have experienced decreasing run-off," Gao emphasized.
President Kasim-Jomart Tokayev in his speech at the Astana International Forum stressed that the water level in the region's two major rivers, Syrdarya and Amudarya, is projected to decrease by nearly 15% by 2050. To avert an ecological disaster, he called for increased resources to support the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea.
Louise Chamberlain, Resident Representative of UNDP in the Kyrgyz Republic mentioned the water crisis in her opening remarks during a side event outside UNHQ Water Conference 2023.
“While climate change is a water crisis, water can also fight climate change. Sustainable water management can develop resilience and improve ecosystems, contributing to reducing carbon emissions. Every village and person can be part of the solutions” - Louise Chamberlain
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