Kazakh zoologists have adopted an innovative approach to track the movements of snow leopards, surpassing traditional camera traps. Through satellite telemetry, specialists can monitor these predators in real-time, gaining valuable insights into their behaviour, migration patterns, and habitats. The snow leopard, a rare and understudied creature, is a symbol of mountain ecosystems. These elusive predators, found in the mountain ranges of Altai, Zhetysu Alatau, Saur, and Tien Shan, face a multitude of threats.
Global Distribution and Conservation Status
These unique large cats are found in only 12 countries worldwide. The snow leopard is recognized in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and in the Red Books of the countries where it resides. Despite a doubling of their population in Kazakhstan over the past three decades, their existence continues to be threatened by expanding economic activities, climate change, and habitat competition.
The global population is estimated at around 6,000, with the largest numbers in China (2,500), Mongolia (1,000), India (600), Nepal (500), and Pakistan (over 400). In Kazakhstan, there are between 141 and 183 individuals. They are also found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Efforts to Preserve the Snow Leopard in Kazakhstan
In 2018, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Kazakh Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, with financial backing from the Global Environment Facility, initiated a project to study and conserve the snow leopard in Kazakhstan.
Preservation of these magnificent creatures is not merely about safeguarding a single species; it’s about preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem balance, which is crucial for sustainable development.
In the same year, the Snow Leopard Foundation was established. This international fund, along with other international organizations and commercial funds, is involved in conservation efforts for snow leopards.
Another organization, the Snow Leopard Fund, has been operational since early 2009. It has made significant contributions, including the publication of numerous research papers.
Innovative Tracking Methods
The collars used in this method are eco-friendly and safe. The capture is conducted humanely and safely, a practice also followed in Afghanistan, China, India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Russia. The essence of this method lies in culling without direct human involvement, reducing the risk of stress and injury to the animals.
Positive Trends and Future Prospects
The application of advanced tracking technology has been instrumental in monitoring and ensuring the well-being of the snow leopard population in Kazakhstan. With an estimated 141-183 individuals in the country, of which 120 reside in specially protected national parks and reserves, there is a positive trend indicating population growth. The Institute of Zoology has established a cryobank to store the genetic material of snow leopards, further enhancing conservation efforts.
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