“Democratization and economic transformation go hand in hand,” EU Ambassador Toivo Klaar told Daryo in a recent interview on Uzbekistan’s ambitious 2030 development goals. Uzbekistan as with its Central Asian neighbors became independent following the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 90s. It is also Central Asia's most populous state with a population of 37 mn people that is young and rapidly growing. This double-landlocked nation, one of only two in the world, has been undergoing massive transformation over the last seven years under the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and as Uzbekistan continues its efforts to open its economy and modernize society, Klaar emphasized that these two pillars—democratic reforms and economic progress—must be pursued together to ensure long-term stability and growth.
A Partnership for Reform
Uzbekistan’s 2030 strategy aims to transform the nation into a competitive player on the global stage, with goals that include economic liberalization, environmental sustainability, and enhanced social protections. Ambassador Klaar, who began his tenure in Uzbekistan on 9 September 2024, stressed that the EU’s partnership with Uzbekistan is based on a shared commitment to these objectives.
“We are working closely with Uzbekistan to support its reform agenda,” Klaar said. He pointed out that the EU’s multi-annual program aligns with the country’s priorities, offering assistance in key areas such as agriculture, energy, and governance. “The importance of democratization cannot be understated. As President Mirziyoyev has emphasized, opening up society is critical, and the EU is here to support that process.”
Supporting Education and Gender Equality
Ambassador Klaar also highlighted the EU’s focus on education and gender equality as essential components of Uzbekistan’s development. “Education is at the heart of progress,” he said. “It’s vital for ensuring that all citizens, particularly women, are equipped to contribute to the economy and society.”
Klaar emphasized that the EU has been working with Uzbekistan to improve access to education and support equal opportunities for women. “Women’s contributions are key to Uzbekistan’s future. They must be treated as equal partners in the country’s growth, both socially and economically.”
He added that the EU is committed to supporting Uzbekistan in creating a society where everyone, regardless of gender, has equal access to education, healthcare, and opportunities in the workforce. “These are values we share, and they will be critical to Uzbekistan’s success in the modern world.”
Economic Transformation and Green Energy
While democratization is crucial, Klaar underscored that economic transformation is equally important for Uzbekistan’s future. The EU has been working closely with the country to help diversify its economy, with a particular focus on green energy. “Uzbekistan’s investments in renewable energy are commendable, and the EU is eager to support this transition,” he said.
The ambassador discussed the potential for Uzbekistan to export green energy to Europe, as part of a broader effort to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. “We want to help Uzbekistan develop its renewable energy infrastructure, which will not only benefit the local economy but also position the country as a key player in global green energy markets.”
Klaar acknowledged that significant investments are still needed to build the necessary infrastructure, such as transmission lines to Europe. However, he stressed that the EU is committed to working with Uzbekistan to make this vision a reality. “Green energy is a mutual benefit for Uzbekistan and Europe. We both stand to gain from these investments.”
Tackling Extremism Through Education
Klaar also touched on the challenge of religious extremism, which remains a concern in the region. He reiterated the importance of education in addressing this issue. “Respect for religion is fundamental, but so is education,” he noted. “By promoting access to education and fostering critical thinking, Uzbekistan can build a more resilient society that is less susceptible to extremism.”
He pointed out that Uzbekistan’s leadership has been proactive in promoting moderate religious practices and ensuring that religious freedom is balanced with social stability. “Education and democratization are key to preventing extremism from taking root. The more opportunities people have to engage in society and contribute to its growth, the less likely they are to be drawn into radical ideologies.”
Engaging with Afghanistan and Regional Cooperation
The region's southernmost neighbour and most volatile, Afghanistan, has been and still is a topic of discussion the world over. Most recently Russia announced the removal of the Taliban defacto government from their terrorist watchlist. Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan have also done the same, Uzbekistan, however, has not but they do engage in trade with them. On the topic of Uzbekistan’s engagement with Afghanistan and broader regional cooperation, Klaar acknowledged Uzbekistan’s strategic role in Central Asia and its efforts to foster stability and development in neighboring Afghanistan. “Uzbekistan’s leadership in the region is critical, particularly in terms of engaging with Afghanistan,” he said.
While the EU maintains diplomatic engagement with Afghanistan’s de facto authorities, Klaar made it clear that there is no formal recognition of the Taliban government. “We are working with Afghanistan on humanitarian issues, but we will not compromise on core principles such as women’s rights and access to education.”
Klaar emphasized that Uzbekistan’s position as a key player in regional diplomacy offers opportunities for broader cooperation on issues like water resource management and trade. “Central Asia is stronger when its countries work together,” he said. “By fostering regional integration and reducing barriers, Uzbekistan can not only boost its own economy but also help stabilize the region.”
The Role of Media in Democratization
A key theme of the conversation was the role of media in supporting democratization. Klaar emphasized that a free and transparent media is essential for Uzbekistan’s reform process. “The media plays a vital role in holding decision-makers accountable and ensuring that reforms are implemented effectively,” he said. “A strong, independent press can shine a light on issues that might otherwise go unnoticed and provide valuable feedback to policymakers.”
Klaar praised President Mirziyoyev’s commitment to further democratizing Uzbek society, noting that media freedom will be a crucial element in this process. “The media is not just about criticizing; it’s also about informing the public and showcasing success stories. A vibrant, free press is a cornerstone of any democratic society.”
Looking Forward
Klaar expressed optimism about the future of EU-Uzbekistan relations. “There is so much potential here,” he said. “The reforms Uzbekistan is undertaking are ambitious, but with the right support and collaboration, they are achievable. The EU stands ready to be a long-term partner in this journey.”
Klaar reiterated the importance of continued cooperation between the EU and Uzbekistan, both in terms of economic development and social reform. “Democratization and economic transformation truly do go hand in hand. Together, we can help Uzbekistan achieve its full potential.”
Watch the full interview on Youtube:
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