China is ramping up security measures for its investments in Central Asia, a region crucial to its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). With over $70bn invested in Central Asian countries and trade turnover exceeding this amount, China's interest in the region extends beyond economic gains to include security considerations .
Central Asia's strategic significance in China's infrastructure projects necessitates robust security, especially in countries like Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. While local security forces collaborated with China on counterterrorism efforts, there are concerns over the adequacy of these measures.
“China collaborated with Central Asian states in combating terrorism to stabilize its western borders especially the Xinhuan region. China conducts military training, shares intelligence, and holds joint exercises with the region's security forces,” Odil Gafarov, PhD student at Southern Illinois University shared.
Chinese private security firms have become instrumental in safeguarding Chinese enterprises across Central Asia, addressing limitations in local security responses, particularly in handling anti-Chinese protests in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. These security companies have adapted to varying local regulations to ensure the protection of Chinese interests.
- Kyrgyzstan: Several Chinese security firms operate here, providing armed protection in partnership with local entities.
- Kazakhstan: Foreign security firms are not permitted to operate directly. However, China has navigated this restriction by offering alternative services through local firms.
- Uzbekistan: Security services are exclusively managed by national law enforcement agencies, limiting the presence of Chinese security firms.
- Turkmenistan and Tajikistan: In these countries, Chinese companies depend entirely on local security providers.
“Chinese security companies are playing a crucial role in ensuring security and protecting Chinese interests in Central Asia. At the same time, They are successfully adapting to local laws and the unique security dynamics of the region,” Odil added.
This strategic approach allows China to secure its investments effectively while navigating the complex regulatory landscapes of its partner countries in Central Asia. Information is based on an interview published by Carnegie Endowment and Odil Gafarov.
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