Since 2020, nearly 8mn Afghans migrated, with 85% relocating to neighbouring countries, primarily Iran, according to a report released by the International Organization for Migration. Approximately 1mn moved to Europe. Iran has experienced a high rate of returns, with nearly 1 mn Afghan asylum seekers recorded in 2023. Among these, 70% were undocumented, and 60% were forcibly returned.
A significant factor driving migration is the lack of job opportunities in Afghanistan, cited by about 70% of migrants. The report highlights the harsh conditions faced during illegal migration, including exploitation by smugglers.
Migrants have reported severe conditions during their journeys. Jawed, an Afghan migrant from Nangarhar province, recounted his experience: "They [smugglers] held us captive, beat us mercilessly with iron pipes, and pressured us to call our friends and families for more money."
Mirwais, another Afghan migrant attempting to reach Europe, shared his cautionary message: "I urge the Afghan youth to not place their trust in smugglers promising safe passage. There are no shortcuts to a better life, and the dangers we face are often far greater than we can imagine."
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