In the wake of the Taliban’s return to power in Afghanistan, Central Asian countries have adopted a pragmatic stance, primarily shaped by cooperation in the realms of the economy and counterterrorism. This approach, however, is not without its challenges. Daryo contacted a political scientist specializing in Afghanistan to inquire about the situation.
The Taliban’s return to power
The Taliban, who returned to power in Afghanistan in 2021, have faced criticism for their harsh rule, particularly regarding women's rights. International demands for human rights adherence, especially concerning women and girls, have been issued, but the Taliban seeks collaboration and international recognition.
"After two years of Taliban control in Afghanistan, the threats emanating from the north of Afghanistan are still a pressing security issue. Foreign terrorist organizations have heightened their activities in Afghanistan, and the Taliban actively supports these groups, offering them the necessary facilities and conditions while deploying them to combat their military opponents. In fact, the Taliban has strategically stationed terrorist fighters, based on their ethnic origin, in border areas with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan," says the expert.
Central Asian leaders’ approach to Taliban
Central Asian countries perceive the Taliban as a potential platform for geo-economic opportunities. Countries like Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan are driven by their economic interests, including accessing new markets in South Asia and the Middle East. Their policy is centered on countering security threats, particularly from extremist international terrorist groups with roots in various Central Asian ethnic groups.
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan adopt a moderate approach towards the Taliban, as they do not share a direct border with Afghanistan. Tajikistan, in contrast, has not engaged in political negotiations with the Taliban. It has close relations with the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan and emphasizes cooperation with a legitimate and inclusive government in Afghanistan. However, the is one issue that is being closely monitored by the country's neighbors, and that is the Qosh Tepa Canal.
The future of Central Asia - Afghanistan relations
The completion of the Qosh Tepa Canal could strain relations, especially with Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, causing environmental challenges. Proper water resource management is crucial, considering the increasing water scarcity in Central Asian republics.
Afghanistan and China
China's increasing presence in Afghanistan is driven by its strategic position and abundant natural resources. China engages in Afghanistan's affairs for its valuable mineral deposits, signing mining deals with the Taliban. The Taliban leverages terrorist groups for concessions, while China uses potential investments to advance its economic and political objectives.
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