Uzbekistan’s foreign trade turnover (FTT) totaled $66.5bn in January–October 2025, marking a year-on-year increase of $11.75bn, or 21.5%, compared to the same period in 2024.
Exports reached $29.01bn, up 27.8% y/y, supported by higher agricultural shipments, industrial goods, and service exports. Imports stood at $37.53bn, an increase of 16.9% y/y. As a result, the trade balance remained in deficit at –$8.53bn.
Key Trade Partners
Uzbekistan maintained trade relations with 210 countries during the first ten months of 2025. China, Russia, and Kazakhstan continued to lead as the country’s main trading partners.
Trade turnover with China reached $13.11bn, up from $10.24bn in 2024 and $10.80bn in 2023, accounting for 19.7% of total FTT. Russia followed with $10.60bn, compared to $9.66bn last year and $7.93bn in 2023, representing 15.9% of total turnover. Trade with Kazakhstan totaled $3.93bn, compared to $3.42bn in 2024 and $3.59bn in 2023, making up 5.9% of total FTT. Other notable partners included Turkiye (3.7%) and South Korea (2.2%).
On the export side, Russia remained Uzbekistan’s largest destination, accounting for 12.6% of total exports, followed by China (5.6%), Kazakhstan (4.1%), Afghanistan (4.1%), Turkiye (3.2%), France (2.7%), UAE (2.1%), Kyrgyzstan (1.7%), Tajikistan (1.6%), and Pakistan (1.1%). Combined, these ten countries represented 38.8% of total exports.
Sectoral Insights
Sectoral data highlighted strong performance in agriculture, services, and precious metals, while textiles posted a decline.
Exports of fruit and vegetable products reached 1.82mn tons, a 7.3% increase compared to the same period in 2024. In value terms, these exports totaled $1.72bn, up 39.7% y/y, and accounted for 5.9% of total exports.
Gold exports reached a historic record of $9.9bn in the first ten months of 2025, compared to $6.6bn in the same period in 2024, representing 34.1% of total exports. This reflects a significant contribution from precious metals to Uzbekistan’s export growth. Natural gas exports were also strong, totaling $568.2mn, up 5% compared to the same period in 2024.
Service exports rose 32.8% y/y to $7.75bn, representing 26.7% of total exports. The majority came from travel (53.1%) and transport (30.9%), followed by telecommunications and IT (8.1%) and other business services (3.2%).
By contrast, textile exports fell 15.5% y/y to $2.05bn, accounting for 7.1% of total exports. Finished textile products made up 51.4% of the total, while yarn represented 28.5%.
In the overall export structure, goods accounted for 73.3%, including industrial goods (10.9%), food and live animals (8.2%), chemicals and similar products (6.0%), and various finished goods (4.9%).
Import Structure
Imports reached $37.53bn in January–October 2025, driven primarily by the inflow of machinery and transport equipment. Goods imports amounted to $33.47bn, up $4.45bn from the same period in 2024, while service imports totaled $4.07bn.
The largest share of imports was made up of machinery and transport equipment (34.0%), followed by industrial goods (15.8%) and chemicals (12.3%).
Uzbekistan imported goods and services from 177 countries, with the main suppliers being China (30.6%), Russia (18.5%), Kazakhstan (7.3%), Turkiye (4.0%), South Korea (3.7%), Germany (2.5%), and India (2.5%). These seven countries accounted for more than two-thirds of total imports.
Service imports increased 32.2% y/y to $4.07bn, making up 10.8% of total imports. The largest components were travel (51.3%), transport (20.1%), telecommunications and IT (10.9%), and business services (6.6%).
