An ancient breed of horse and European bison are part of a pioneering project to combat the risk of wildfires in Spain and Portugal. These rare Garrano Horses and European Bison are playing a crucial role in clearing scrubland and vegetation that serve as fuel for devastating blazes, in what has become a groundbreaking experiment in the Iberian Peninsula.
The endangered Garrano horses, with a population of approximately 300, roam semi-wild in the Serra da Cabreira mountain range in Portugal. This breed, which traces its origins back to prehistoric times, faced a significant decline in numbers since the mid-20th century. As per Joao Paulo Ribeiro, president of the Association of Garrano Breeders, their population dwindled from about 70,000 to only 350 mares in the 1990s. However, thanks to dedicated conservation efforts, their numbers have now risen to over 1,500.
Mayor Antonio Cardoso of Vieira do Minho aptly refers to the horses as "sapper horses," highlighting their vital role in clearing the grounds. The innovative approach aims to prevent wildfires by utilizing the horses' natural grazing behavior to consume approximately 30 kilograms of vegetation daily. By targeting the areas beneath telegraph poles, the horses contribute to creating firebreaks, reducing the risk of fires spreading.
In Spain, similar initiatives in firefighting have been implemented, with the director of the European Bison Reserve, Jesús González Ruiz, emphasizing the critical role of European bison in maintaining forest health. Bison are known for their indiscriminate eating habits, consuming over 130 different plant species, effectively clearing and rejuvenating the landscape. Their presence helps prevent the undergrowth from becoming a potential fire hazard.
This collaborative effort between humans and animals signifies a significant shift towards sustainable fire prevention strategies. By harnessing the innate behaviors and abilities of these endangered breeds, communities in the Iberian Peninsula are working towards preserving their rich natural heritage while safeguarding against the devastating impacts of wildfires.
The concept of 'eco-grazing' is gaining traction, and authorities hope that this innovative approach will spread to other regions facing similar wildfire risks. By integrating endangered animal species like the Garrano horses and European bison into wildfire prevention efforts, Spain and Portugal are demonstrating the potential for harmonious coexistence between human activities and nature's ecosystem management.
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