A study by the World Bank reveals that aligning men’s and women’s wages in Uzbekistan could lift over 700,000 people out of poverty. The Uzbekistan Country Gender Assessment Report (CGA), produced with financial support from the UK government, provides a comprehensive analysis of gender equality in the country, highlighting both progress and persistent challenges.
The CGA points out important advancements in gender equality in Uzbekistan since 2017. Key legislative reforms have played a crucial role in this progress. The Labor Code of 2022 ensured equal pay and removed job restrictions for women, while amendments to the Criminal Code in 2023 introduced criminal penalties for domestic violence. These legislative changes reflect a growing commitment to addressing gender-based disparities.
Education and Health
The report highlights notable improvements in women’s access to education and health services. Between 2017 and 2022, tertiary education enrollment surged, with the rate for men tripling to 29% and for women quadrupling to 27.4%. Enhanced access to education is a pivotal step towards empowering women and fostering gender equality in the workforce.
Persistent Gender Disparities
Despite legislative and educational advancements, gender disparities in labor market outcomes remain pronounced. In 2021, female labor force participation lagged behind that of men by 28 percentage points. Young women face particularly high unemployment rates at 15.5%, compared to 10% for their male counterparts. Additionally, 42% of young women were not in employment, education, or training (NEET), a stark contrast to 8.8% for young men.
The gender wage gap is another significant issue, with women earning 34% less than men. This disparity exceeds the global average of 20% and highlights the ongoing challenges women face in achieving economic parity.
Economic Impact of Gender Equality
The CGA report emphasizes the economic benefits of gender equality. Low pay and employment rates among women not only hinder economic growth but also exacerbate poverty. If women participated in the economy on par with men, Uzbekistan's national income could increase by 29%. Matching men’s and women’s wages alone would have a substantial impact, lifting over 700,000 people out of poverty.
Social Norms and Cultural Attitudes
The report also examines the influence of social norms and cultural attitudes on gender equality. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective strategies to close gender gaps. The CGA offers recommendations to promote inclusive prosperity, emphasizing the need for continued legislative reforms, educational initiatives, and efforts to change societal perceptions.
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